Community, poverty, power: The politics of tribal self-determination, 1960--1968.

"Community, Poverty, Power" underscores the need for scholars to transcend conventional definitions of Indian history, combine micro and macro scales of analysis, and blend social and political perspectives. In addition to expanding the interpretive ground upon which the War on Poverty is assessed and suggesting a different way of thinking about the emergence of tribal self-determination, it provides a context for understanding the heightened militancy of the Red Power movement. It also re-envisions the meaning of activism so that it includes people who worked within the system in order to affect change. To the extent that the idea of tribal self-determination entered national discourse between 1960 and 1968, it did so because of these continuing encounters between natives and newcomers."Community, Poverty, Power" explores how tribal self-determination moved from the periphery to the center of the public sphere during the 1960s. Focusing on the Association on American Indian Affairs, National Congress of American Indians, American Indian Chicago Conference, Workshop on American Indian Affairs, and National Indian Youth Council, Part One demonstrates that the struggle against termination and assimilation cannot be understood apart from the global politics of decolonization and domestic contests over race and mass society. Having situated the study in this milieu, Part Two examines the central role the War on Poverty, and particularly the Community Action Program, played in the politics of self-determination after its inauguration in 1964.Based on original manuscript research and interviews with Vine Deloria Jr., Forrest Gerard, Dr. Jim Wilson, and other central actors, these chapters detail the complex series of negotiations regarding the nature of poverty, the meaning of community, and the fate of tribal identities that followed. Two additional chapters focused on Oklahoma, and informed by interviews with LaDonna Harris, Senator Fred R. Harris, Iola Hayden, and others demonstrate the interconnectedness of local people's experiences and the decisions made by national policymakers. The dissertation concludes with a Coda that carries the study forward to the spring of 1968 and the Poor People's Campaign---a pivotal moment that evidenced the limitations of social reform and the impending fragmentation of the Indian rights movement

Exploring, Celebrating, and Deepening Oceanic Relationalities

The theme of the 2018 Oceania Comparative and International Society (OCIES) conference held at Victoria University of Wellington, in Wellington, New Zealand aimed to explore, celebrate, and deepen Oceanic relationalities. This special issue of the International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives responds to this call for scholarship to examine how Comparative and International Education (CIE) can be repositioned around the notion of relationality to contribute theoretically, practically, and spiritually to education at global, regional, national, and community levels. In this Special Edition, we celebrate the work of seven new and emerging researchers from OCIES. This paper introduces us as a community of scholars, connected geographically by sea, yet it is our shared commitment to relationality that has enabled us to further the scholarship of CIE within our region

Descriptor Variable and Generalized Singularly Perturbed Systems: A Geometric Approach

Marked with alternative report numbers UILU-80-2214 and UILU-80-2258U.S. Air Force / AFOSR-78-3633National Science Foundation / NSF ECS-79-19396Joint Services Electronics Program / N00014-79-C-0424Ope

An Ensemble of Bayesian Neural Networks for Exoplanetary Atmospheric Retrieval

Machine learning is now used in many areas of astrophysics, from detecting exoplanets in Kepler transit signals to removing telescope systematics. Recent work demonstrated the potential of using machine learning algorithms for atmospheric retrieval by implementing a random forest to perform retrievals in seconds that are consistent with the traditional, computationally-expensive nested-sampling retrieval method. We expand upon their approach by presenting a new machine learning model, \texttt{plan-net}, based on an ensemble of Bayesian neural networks that yields more accurate inferences than the random forest for the same data set of synthetic transmission spectra. We demonstrate that an ensemble provides greater accuracy and more robust uncertainties than a single model. In addition to being the first to use Bayesian neural networks for atmospheric retrieval, we also introduce a new loss function for Bayesian neural networks that learns correlations between the model outputs. Importantly, we show that designing machine learning models to explicitly incorporate domain-specific knowledge both improves performance and provides additional insight by inferring the covariance of the retrieved atmospheric parameters. We apply \texttt{plan-net} to the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 transmission spectrum for WASP-12b and retrieve an isothermal temperature and water abundance consistent with the literature. We highlight that our method is flexible and can be expanded to higher-resolution spectra and a larger number of atmospheric parameters

Modeling and Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System Leveraging Systems Modeling Language (SysML)

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has seen a significant increase over time in several industries such as defense, healthcare, and agriculture to name a few. Their affordability has made it possible for industries to venture and invest in UAVs for both research and commercial purposes. In spite of their recent popularity; there remain a number of difficulties in the design representation of UAVs, including low image analysis, high cost, and time consumption. In addition, it is challenging to represent systems of systems that require multiple UAVs to work in cooperation, sharing resources, and complementing other assets on the ground or in the air. As a means of compensating for these difficulties; in this study; we use a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach, in which standardized diagrams are used to model and design different systems and subsystems of UAVs. SysML is widely used to support the design and analysis of many different kinds of systems and ensures consistency between the design of the system and its documentation through the use of an object-oriented model. In addition, SysML supports the modeling of both hardware and software, which will ease the representation of both the system’s architecture and flow of information. The following paper will follow the Magic Grid methodology to model a UAV system across the SysML four pillars and integration of SysML model with external script-based simulation tools, namely, MATLAB and OpenMDAO. These pillars are expressed within standard diagram views to describe the structural, behavior, requirements, and parametric aspect of the UAV. Finally, the paper will demonstrate how to utilize the simulation capability of the SysML model to verify a functional requirement

Teacher education for an uncertain future: Implications of PISA’s global competence

In 2018, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) is set to introduce an assessment of Global Competence in its Programme for International Student Achievement (PISA). This assessment lays the foundation for a set of knowledge, skills, values and beliefs that the OECD considers necessary to become a globally competent citizen. Throughout this chapter, we identify and critique the intended socialising function of PISA’s Global Competence and consider its implications for Initial Teacher Education (ITE). We do this by drawing on Bernstein’s theoretical tools to engage in a critical analysis of PISA’s Global Competence framework. Our analysis reveals three key findings: (1) PISA’s Global Competence acts as a symbolic regulator of consciousness, (2) PISA’s Global Competence facilitates a new form of global pedagogic governance and (3) ITE can play an important role in either reproducing, disrupting or transforming the socialising function of PISA’s Global Competence. In conclusion, we argue that engaging with Comparative and International Education scholarship will prepare pre-service teachers to respond to the complexities and demands of an uncertain educational future within an increasingly globalised educational landscape

Foot-Ground Reaction Force During Resistance Exercise in Parabolic Flight

An interim Resistance Exercise Device (iRED) was designed to provide resistive exercise as a countermeasure to space flight-induced loss of muscle strength and endurance as well as decreased bone mineral density. The purpose of this project was to compare foot-ground reaction force during iRED exercise in normal gravity (l-g) versus micro gravity (O-g) achieved during parabolic flight. METHODS: Four subjects performed three exercises using the iRED (squat, heel raise, and deadlift) during I-g and O-g at a moderate intensity (60% of maximum strength during deadlift exercise). Foot-ground reaction force was measured in three axes (x,y,z) using a force plate, and the magnitude of the resultant force vector was calculated (r = ~X 2 + y2 + Z2 ). Range of motion (ROM) was measured using a linear encoder. Peak force (PkF) and total work (TW) were calculated using a customized computer program. Paired t-tests were used to test if significant differences (p.::::0.05) were observed between I-g and O-g exercise. RESULTS: PkF and TW measured in the resultant axis were significantly less in O-g for each of the exercises tested. During O-g, PkF was 42-46% and TW was 33- 37% of that measured during I-g. ROM and average time to complete each repetition were not different from I-g to O-g. CONCLUSIONS: When performing exercises in which body mass is a portion of the resistance during I-g, PkF and TW measured during resistive exercise were reduced approximately 60-70% during O-g. Thus, a resistive exercise device during O-g will be required to provided higher resistances to induce a similar training stimulus to that on Earth